Jamestown : Reading for important information.

                                                                       Instructions

1. Read the two texts below: The Lost Colony of Roanoke and
2.Copy both graphic organizers in your blog book. One in each page so you have enough space to write.
3.Complete the organizers.
4.Reflect and answer this question: What do settlers need in order to survive and succeed?

Important Dates		Who?
	The Lost Colony
What happened?		Why?

Important Dates		Who?
	Jamestown
What happened?		Why?

Lost Colony of Roanoke

Roanoke Colony was the first attempt by the English to establish a colony in the Americas. Unfortunately, the colony failed when the settlers disappeared under mysterious circumstances giving the colony the nickname the "Lost Colony."

Map showing location of
Jamestown and Roanoke Island Colonies
by NOAA

Where was the colony located?

The Roanoke Colony was located on Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina. The land was considered part of Virginia at the time.

Early Plans

In 1584, the land of Virginia in North America was granted to Sir Walter Raleigh by Queen Elizabeth I. The British hoped to establish a foothold in the Americas to expand their empire. Raleigh sent out Captain Philip Amada and Captain Arthur Barlowe to explore the area. They discovered Roanoke Island and met the local natives. Raleigh decided this would be a good place to establish a colony.

First Colony at Roanoke

The first expedition to Roanoke was led by Sir Richard Greenville. The expedition arrived at Roanoke in 1585. Greenville left 107 settlers, all men, at Roanoke under the charge of Ralph Lane. Greenville then returned to England in order to gather additional supplies for the settlement.

The settlers built a fort at Roanoke, but struggled to survive. It didn't help matters that they were constantly fighting with the local Native Americans. When English explorer Sir Francis Drake passed by the settlement and offered to take them back to England, the colonists agreed. Not long after the colonists left, Captain Greenville finally returned with new supplies only to discover that the settlement had been abandoned. He left a small group of men on the island and then returned to England.

Second Colony at Roanoke

A second attempt at starting a colony at Roanoke occurred in 1587. This time 115 colonists travelled to Roanoke led by John White. They hoped to find the men that Greenville had left a year earlier. However, upon their arrival, all they found at the settlement was a human skeleton. Despite this setback, the colonists began to build their settlement on Roanoke. Not long after their arrival, a girl named Virginia Dare was born. She was the first child born in the Americas to English parents.

Unfortunately, the colonists continued to have disputes with the local tribes and some colonists were killed. They also discovered that they were ill-prepared to build a thriving colony. John White decided to return to England in order to gain supplies and reinforcements for the colony.

John White discovers the word "CROATOAN"
carved at Roanoke's fort palisade
by unknown

The Colony has Disappeared

After returning to England, White could find little help for the colony. England was in the middle of a large battle with Spain and the Spanish Armada. As a result, White was unable to return until three years later in 1590. When White arrived he found the colony completely abandoned. The only clues that White found included the word "Croatoan" carved into a fence post and "Cro" carved into a tree.

White found no sign of a struggle, however, and figured that the colonists had moved to Croatoan, which was what they called a nearby island (Hatteras Island). He also had reason to hope because he had told the colonists to carve a Maltese cross if they were being forced leave. Since he found no cross, he figured the colonists were okay. White was unable to search the nearby island for the colonists because of a bad storm and was forced to return to England.

The colonists were never heard from again and the colony gained the nickname the "Lost Colony."

Theories on the Disappearance

There are many theories about the disappearance of the Roanoke Colony. Many historians think that the colonists moved. They probably moved to Hatteras Island or further inland into the forests of North Carolina. The colonists may have eventually starved to death or been killed by local tribes. They may also have survived, made friends with a local tribe, and eventually became part of the tribe. One theory is that they became part of the Lumbee tribe of North Carolina. Another theory is that the Spanish, who didn't want the English in the Americas, destroyed the settlement and took the colonists captive.

Interesting Facts about the Lost Colony of Roanoke

• Virginia Dare was the granddaughter of the colony's leader and governor John White.
• Roanoke Island is about 8 miles long and 2 miles wide.
• A bridge was built to Roanoke Island in 2002. It is called the Virginia Dare Memorial Bridge.
• No one is sure where the colony was located on the island. It is likely that the settlement is currently underwater due to erosion.

Explorers

                Explorers-

Pedro Siqueira, Pedro P. Juan and Victoria

    This text, as you see on the title, talks about some of the famous explorers of the age of exploration (that reached north America). Most of the explores started navigating because they wanted to be famous or because they wanted to find new goods for the country they worked for. The trips were very difficult because people could get sick and die, one of the most famous sickness was called scurvy that was caused by lack of vitamin C.

    Now we will talk about three explorers we research:

    Henry Hudson: people think he was born in the late 16^th century in England. He spent his whole life searching for a new route to Asia but he finally ended finding a route for the north Americas. There's so little information about his life before his first voyage. But it is known that he learned to navigate from fisherman and sailors. (He worked for England) On his first voyage he sailed from England to Svalbard. On his second trip he went from Europe till the Russian Artic national Park. After that he travelled a lot but on Hudson's last voyage in 1611 he was left to drift and then die.

    John Cabot: was born in genoa, Italy and sailed around 1450. He made a voyage in 1497 on the ship Mathew and claimed land on Canada ( mistaking by Asia) for King Henry VII of England. When he was little he moved to England. In May 1496, John Cabot departed from Bristle with 5 ships and a crew of 300 men. In route 1 ship sailed to Ireland and the other four continued on. In 1497 Cabot went to Asia believing the route would be shorter, he traveled with 18 men.

    Magellan: was born in Portugal. In 1480 his objective was to go on a west voyage to reach the spice islands because prince Charles I asked him to do so. He made it. When he was sailing by a sea he thought the sea was slowly and peaceful. So he named that sea the “Peaceful Sea” that nowadays is called the Pacific Ocean. When he was coming back from the spice islands he fought with the Philippines and he was killed with a poison arrow in his heart. After his crew went back to Spain without his body, because the Philippines stayed with his body they liked as a trophy. His crew proved that the world was round, they circumnavigate the planet Earth.

    

The Explorers group

The Explorers group

Pedro Smith, Nicolas, Gabriela B.

     The age of exploration was a time that people traveled unknown seas by boat in search of gold, spices, and territory. Now we are going to talk about some of the most famous explorers. Pedro Álvares Cabral, Marco Polo, and Vasco Da Gama.

     Pedro Álvares Cabral:

    He was born in 1467 in the town of Belmonte Portugal. He discovered Brazil in the 22nd of April when he got to Bahia. After 10 days of staying in Bahia they left to go to India. He died in 1520 in Brazil. He brought back from Brazil to Portugal, Pau Brazil.

    Marco Polo:

   Marco Polo was born in the city state of Venice in the year 1254. There he stayed until he hit 15 then his father Niccolo and his uncle Maffeo returned from a trading trip through the Silk Road. When he was 17 he left with his father and uncle for a 24,000 km trip. They walked in groups called Caravans which were groups of people that rode camels together so they could defend the robbers way more easily. Soon Marco worked for the Khan for 17 years. The Khan liked Marco so that is why he hired him to work as a spy for the Mongolian empire. After a while they left with their pockets full of jewels and riches. They reached Venice in 1296 and Marco died in 1324.

   Vasco da Gama :

  He was born at 1460 in Sines, Portugal. He was the first Portuguese to reach India by boat in 1497. When he reach India the people from there didn't want to trade spices with the Portuguese. But still Vasco da Gama managed to get spices and he brought them back to Portugal getting a fortune of about 6,000%. Vasco da Gama died in 1524 in Cochin India.

  

   And that was the explorers from our group. Hope you enjoyed.

Constellation and Astrolabe

       Names:Amanda,Julia Alves and Clarissa.

  In ancient times, people were religious.As you probably know, countries believed in gods, so they thought the gods used constellations to tell stories.

    People started to create constellations in their minds thinking of the gods, like:Orion, Aquarius and etc. This was before Christ (BC).

They used constellations in agriculture,to know the time to harvest crops, but they were also used on navigation. Once they found Ursa Major they could find the latitude. Ursa Major was one of the most important constellations at the time. It also called big bear. Close to Ursa Major there is Ursa Minor, that is a little bear. The biggest star in the Ursa Menior is the North Star. This allowed ships to travel around the world, and discover new continents like America.

    The astrolabe was an instrument that measured the distance of the stars based on the horizon. It was invented by the ancient greek mathematican called Hipparchus, and originally it was used to tell the time based on the sun, moon or stars. This is one of the oldest measuring devices, used from about 120B.C to 1600 A.C. The name of the astrolabe comes from the greek “to take a star”, because it used the stars to work.

    

Constellations

Made by: Julia Aj, Marcos, Carolina and Gabriela C.

Constellations

       

       Constellations are groups of stars that forms a pattern. At the Age of Exploration, explorers used constellations to guide themselves to new places. Some of the instruments used by them were a the astrolabe, quadrant, and sextant to measure the constellations, so they would know where to go. When there weren’t stars in the sky, they used the compass to know where to go.

    The biggest constellation is the Virgo constellation.

      The constellation that we chose is the Ursa Major, that means “the great bear”. It’s a constellation in the northern hemisphere sky.  It’s the largest northern constellation and third largest constellation in the sky. The Big Dipper constellation is part of the Ursa Major, the brightest stars of the constellation. If you are at the southern hemisphere, you can just see part of the Ursa Major constellation in winter. The North Star is located in the tail of Ursa Minor, but some people think that it is located in the tail of Ursa Major, but it’s not.

Carrack

Carrack Group- Ana Carolina, Rafaela, Maria Izabel and Lara

        In the Age of Exploration, they used boats to travel by the sea, so the time passed and the technology advanced a lot.

The boats were one of the most important thing.

  The carrack was the boat used by the explorers in the Age of Exploration it was a great advanced in the technology during time. In was built with three masts with triangular sails. The largest carrack could reach almost 45m (150 feet) and more than 1000 tons.

In the Age of Exploration with the carrack exist the caravel. Their differences are that the caravel is smaller and safer because it is easy to navigate, and the carrack it is bigger and dangerous because is hard to navigate. The caravel has triangular sails and the carrack square sails.

   The technology in these times was very good for them; they had things such as the astrolabe that is a tool to measured angles and latitude, and the KA-MAIL that was a tool that help people to discover the latitude. They also have the quadrants that was used to discover the height of the Polaris.

   Traveling through the sea was not as easy job, in the past they faced, many dangerous, horrible diseases, huge storms, back of food and water and also the monsters of the sea. Are just sea animals like whales and shark.

    The hygiene in the carrack was very bad, because of the bad hygiene, there were no bathrooms or fresh food and they did not have vitamins. Some of them even eat rats and these ones have more chances to survive the diseases because of the vitamins, rats have.